EE UU analiza a Enríquez-Ominami
Cables sobre el candidato chileno Enríquez-Ominami
Informe del Embajador Paul Simons sobre el candidato a la presidencia chilena Marco Enríquez-Ominami
| ID: | 237691 |
| Date: | 2009-12-02 17:10:00 |
| Origin: | 09SANTIAGO919 |
| Source: | Embassy Santiago |
| Classification: | CONFIDENTIAL |
| Dunno: | 09SANTIAGO404 09SANTIAGO755 09SANTIAGO899 |
| Destination: | VZCZCXRO5540 OO RUEHAO RUEHCD RUEHGD RUEHHO RUEHMC RUEHNG RUEHNL RUEHRD RUEHRS RUEHTM DE RUEHSG #0919/01 3361710 ZNY CCCCC ZZH O R 021710Z DEC 09 FM AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0351 INFO WESTERN HEMISPHERIC AFFAIRS DIPL POSTS RHEHAAA/NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC RUCPDOC/DEPT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DC RUEAIIA/CIA WASHINGTON DC RUEATRS/DEPT OF TREASURY WASHINGTON DC RUEHC/DEPT OF LABOR WASHINGTON DC RUEKJCS/SECDEF WASHINGTON DC |
C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 01 OF 05 SANTIAGO 000919 SIPDIS STATE FOR WHA/BSC, WHA/CCA, INR/B, WHA/EPSC, S/P STATE PLEASE PASS TO USTR KKALUTKIEWICZ, EBRZYTWA, JKEMP, CSMOTHERS COMMERCE FOR DPAREKH, KMANN LABOR FOR ILAB--CGAY STATE PLEASE PASS TO FEDERAL RESERVE TOM CONNORS TREASURY FOR BLINDQUIST PENTAGON FOR OSD--MLENIHAN AMEMBASSY BRIDGETOWN PASS TO AMEMBASSY GRENADA AMEMBASSY OTTAWA PASS TO AMCONSUL QUEBEC AMEMBASSY BRASILIA PASS TO AMCONSUL RECIFE E.O. 12958: DECL: 2019/12/02 TAGS: PGOV, ECON, PINR, CI, CU SUBJECT: Introducing Marco Enriquez-Ominami: Chile's Surprise Presidential Contender REF: SANTIAGO 755; SANTIAGO 899; SANTIAGO 404 CLASSIFIED BY: Paul Simons, Ambassador, State, US Embassy Santiago; REASON: 1.4(B), (D) 1. (C) Summary: Thirty-six year old filmmaker and presidential candidate Marco Enriquez-Ominami has a cinematic life story: father martyred, raised in exile, young Marco returns to home full of resentment, marries a TV star, and gets the backing of a pro-Castro revolutionary-turned-millionaire to become an unexpected political force. In his short political career, Enriquez-Ominami has distinguished himself primarily by bucking the political establishment and refusing to toe the party line while simultaneously leveraging his establishment connections, including the influence of his senator step-father and celebrity wife. End Summary. 2. (U) This is the third in a series of profiles of the major Chilean presidential candidates. Ref A introduces opposition candidate Sebastian Pinera, Ref B highlights Concertacion candidate Eduardo Frei. Chile's first round presidential election will be held December 13 and the anticipated run-off will be on January 17, if required (Ref C). Revolutionary Family Ties --------------------------------- 3. (SBU) Marco Enriquez-Ominami's tragic childhood has all the elements of a great Hollywood movie: love triangles, political intrigue, violence, exile, and eventual reconciliation. Marco Enriquez-Ominami Gumucio (then known as Marco Enriquez Gumucio) was born June 12, 1973 in Concepcion, Chile to Miguel Enriquez, who was the leader of the armed Marxist-Leninist group Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionario (MIR, the Revolutionary Leftist Movement), and Manuela Gumucio, a journalist and author. His parents both came from the Chilean elite: Gumucio's father was a senator and a founder of the Christian Democrat party; the Enriquez family was a well-established part of the Concepcion intelligentsia. The relationship between Enriquez and Gumucio was a short-lived affair that ended before baby Marco was born. 4. (SBU) After the coup in September 1973, a military decree stripped baby Marco and his mother of their Chilean citizenship and ordered their expulsion from Chile. Using UN refugee travel documents, they sought asylum in France, where they remained until 1986. Miguel Enriquez remained in Chile and was assassinated by Chilean intelligence agents in October 1974. In France, Gumucio was a single mother who worked to support herself and her son. Young Marco was raised largely by his grandparents, who were also exiled in France. Gumucio eventually partnered with Carlos Ominami, another MIR revolutionary who sought refuge in France, and Ominami adopted Marco. (Marco Enriquez Gumucio changed his name to Marco Enriquez-Ominami Gumucio in 2000.) 5. (SBU) Enriquez-Ominami returned to Chile in 1986 but had trouble adjusting. He spoke no Spanish initially and was teased and beaten up at school. Although he was more accepted over time, he remained something of an outsider. As a young man, he had the twin burden of his famous fathers, Enriquez, the revolutionary martyr; and Ominami, a "baron of the Concertation" who served as Minister of Economy when Enriquez-Ominami was in college. SANTIAGO 00000919 002 OF 005 Enriquez-Ominami studied philosophy at the University of Chile from 1990-1995 and film direction in Paris in 1996. Enriquez-Ominami has spoken of his youthful promiscuity and drug use, and friends say that it was only upon becoming a father that he truly settled down. From Filmmaker to Politician: A "Discolo" is Born --------------------------------------------- -------------------- 6. (U) Enriquez-Ominami began his television and film career in 1998, working as the executive director for the production firm Rivas y Rivas. In 2002, he directed his most well-known work, a documentary called "Chile, the Heroes are Tired," which criticized former leftist Chilean revolutionaries for having compromised their ideals once they achieved power. He also became involved in politics, working on his father's senatorial campaigns in 1993 and 1999, Ricardo Lagos' presidential campaigns in 1993 and 1999, and municipal elections in 2004. 7. (SBU) Enriquez-Ominami made his own entry into politics in 2005, when he won a decisive majority in a Valparaiso district to become a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of parliament. His supporters proudly point to his charisma as the reason why Enriquez-Ominami, running as a Socialist (President Bachelet's party), was able to prevail in a district that has typically been much more conservative. Detractors highlight that he choose to run in the district that his famous and well-respected father represents in the Senate, asserting that he essentially rode his fathers' coattails into power. In September 2008, his victory was tarnished when his campaign chief, Edgardo Lepe, was convicted of fraud for misusing public funds to hire workers for the campaigns of father and son. (Note: Enriquez-Ominami and his father have said they were not aware of the scheme and neither has been accused of any wrong-doing. End Note.) 8. (C) As a politician, Enriquez-Ominami takes pride in his independence and non-conformity and is continually described in the press as a "discolo," meaning unruly person. However, his failure to toe the party line has often created hard feelings among his compatriots. In Congress, he snubbed many of his congressional colleagues, has occasionally been in shoving matches with enemies, and regularly rejects the congressional dining hall in favor of eating separately with the other discolos, a group his colleagues refer to as "Marquito y su corte de los milagros" (Little Marco and his elite circle). Enriquez-Ominami continued his own presidential campaign even after his political party, the Socialists, officially endorsed Eduardo Frei. (He resigned from the party several months later and is now running as an independent.) His congressional colleagues have responded in kind to Enriquez-Ominami's offenses, declaring him a "bicho raro" (wierdo) and never giving him the opportunity to preside over a commission, on opporutnity that his other Concertacion colleagues have had. Christian Democrat Senator and former presidential candidate Soledad Alvear complained privately to Poloff that Marco and his ilk never participate in the real work of Congress, they just show up to complain about the work that everyone else has done. The Personality Behind the Politician: Tragedy, Films, and France SANTIAGO 00000919 003 OF 005 --------------------------------------------- ---------------------- ------------------ 9. (C) Three things define Enriquez-Ominami: his tragic history, his filmmaking expertise, and his French education. Enriquez-Ominami has had a difficult time coming to terms with his personal history. His resentment towards Chile has come to haunt him in this campaign, as statements from 2003 have re-surfaced, notably that the Chilean flag was "porqueria" (pig shit) and that being born Chilean was a tragedy. In more recent years, Enriquez-Ominami has combined the storytelling ability he developed as a filmmaker with his family background to speak out effectively and movingly about his remarkable personal story. Miguel Enriquez's legacy seems to loom large in his son's life. Some friends have said that Enriquez-Ominami competes with his biological father's accomplishments, noting that he decided to launch his political career at the age of 30 -- the age at which his father died. 10. (C) Advisor and confidante Max Marambio describes Enriquez-Ominami as "a product of his French education," noting that he is liberal, self-critical, honest, and free-thinking. He also seems to have picked up some of the typical French skepticism of the U.S., frequently using the tag line "What is in the best interests of the U.S. is not always in best interests of Chile." 11. (C) Enriquez-Ominami is hard-working and sleeps little, often sending emails out as late as 2 a.m. and as early as 6 a.m. in the same day, campaign advisors note. He is irreverent and audacious, and admits his mistakes easily. Extremely personable, he does very well in face-to-face interactions and in media interviews. Perhaps because he is so people-oriented, he does not like to deliver bad news or reprimands by person, instead sending them by email. The Accidental Candidate --------------------------------- 12. (C) Enriquez-Ominami's success thus far has taken even the candidate's closest advisors by surprise. Enriquez-Ominami confidantes Max Marambio and Deputy Alvaro Escobar told Poloff that, one year ago, the presidential candidate was fed up with political life and had discarded the idea of running for re-election in the Chamber of Deputies. He was seriously weighing an offer from Duke University to be a visiting professor of film when someone off-handedly suggested that he should leave his political career in a blaze of glory: Why not run for president? Advisors suggest that Enriquez-Ominami's campaign started as one last opportunity to thumb his nose at the political system he was so frustrated with, and its success took everyone--even the candidate himself--by surprise. To this day, Marambio, Carlos Ominami, Ciro Colombara and other close advisors admit that Enriquez-Ominami's chances of actually becoming Chile's next president are slim. However, they are pleased (and amazed) that the campaign has come this far and rightly feel that they have already had a great deal of success in changing the political debate, particularly in bringing discussion of gay rights and civil unions to the public square. SANTIAGO 00000919 004 OF 005 Max Marambio: The Wealthy and Controversial "Friend of Fidel" Behind Marco's Campaign --------------------------------------------- ---------------------- --------------------------------------------- -------- 13. (C) In a life studded with celebrities and fascinating characters, Enriquez-Ominami's chief campaign financier and political advisor, leftist revolutionary-turned-millionaire Max Marambio, is the most interesting of all. As a young man, Marambio joined the MIR and led Salvador Allende's presidential bodyguard team. He lived in the Cuban embassy in Santiago for 10 months following the coup, before fleeing first to Switzerland and then to Cuba, where he studied political science at the University of Havana and trained with the Cuban special forces. He participated in secret Cuban military and commercial missions to Angola, Lebanon, Korea, Central America, and Europe, allegedly including a role in hiding Fidel Castro's personal fortune. In the late 1970s, he began a joint venture food company with the Cuban government which eventually became International Network Group, a holding company which generates US $80 million in profits in Cuba each year from food products and tourism. 14. (C) Marambio, who told Poloff he was a "close personal friend" of Fidel Castro, was also a friend of Miguel Enriquez but passed up several opportunities to meet the revolutionary's son. When Marambio and Enriquez-Ominami finally met seven years ago, a close friendship soon developed: Marambio attended Enriquez-Ominami's lavish wedding (making a splash with his helicopter arrival) and years later became godfather to Enriquez-Ominami's daughter. Although not initially involved in Enriquez-Ominami's presidential campaign, Marambio became the key player in July, just as the campaign really took off. Today, Marambio is using his large personal fortune to finance Enriquez-Ominami's campaign and is the candidate's closest political advisor. Despite pouring his time, talent, and considerable effort into the campaign, Marambio told Poloff he has no political ambitions of his own--he is too busy with his extended family, his business, and his two-month-long annual vacation in Italy to take a government position. Marco's Not-So-Secret Weapon: His Wife --------------------------------------------- ---------- 15. (C) While Marambio is the power (and money) behind the throne, Enriquez-Ominami's wife, TV star Karen Doggenweiler, is his most visible supporter. Doggenweiler, who married Enriquez-Ominami in 2003, is one of Chile's most well-known and beloved celebrities, far eclipsing her husband in terms of name recognition and respect. Compared to Eva Peron for her star power (though not for prior political involvement), Doggenweiler has hosted a number of national television programs, from a morning talk show to a boot-camp reality show. Enriquez-Ominami and Doggenweiler have two children: 14-year-old Fernanda, Doggenweiler's daughter from a previous relationship; and 5-year-old Manuela. 16. (C) Observers inside and outside the campaign believe that Doggenweiler's presence is responsible for much of her husband's political success thus far. Christian Democrat leader Soledad Alvear asserted that 75% of Enriquez-Ominami's support is from people who are really backing his wife, while campaign advisor Ciro SANTIAGO 00000919 005 OF 005 Colombara suggested that Doggenweiler's ability to connect with rural and small town voters may be the deciding factor in whether or not her husband makes it past the first round election and to the runoff. Following criticism that she was capitalizing on her continued TV presence to help her husband, Doggenweiler recently took a four month leave of absence from work to focus on campaigning. Comment ------------- 17. (C) As a presidential candidate, Marco Enriquez-Ominami has been hard to take seriously. Only 36 years old, his scant time in public office has been spent disparaging the political system, and his major qualifications are his charm, his evocative double-barrelled name, and the beautiful and widely admired woman by his side. He hardly seems to be a leader that stereotypically responsible, sober Chileans would rally around. Thus, Enriquez-Ominami's incredible rise has taken everyone by surprise, even the candidate's own backers. Yet for voters who are tired of Concertacion rule but feel that a vote for conservative candidate Sebastian Pinera is a vote for Pinochet's legacy, supporting Enriquez-Ominami is a way to vote for change while remaining a progressive. While he is a long shot to win the presidency this year, he has effectively stirred up the 2009 presidential campaign, which otherwise has been dominated by long-standing political figures from the center-left and center-right. Assuming he does not make it to the second round in the December election, the question is what role, if any, will he play in Chilean politics going forward. After 20 years in power, the center-left needs revitalization, but it remains to be seen if this charismatic but mercurial figure with no party backing and little political experience will be an effective force in shaping those changes. End Comment. SIMONS |
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